Inspiring Personalities :
Today I just read about the gentleman named Pingali
Venkayya. I believe only 30% of us knows who is he ! Well., for the remaining
70%, I shall tell who he is. He is none other than the man who designed the
Indian National Flag. The Inspiring Personality,
but unknown to most of us. Request you all to share this and make our friends
& relatives aware !
Early life :
Pingali Venkayya was born in Bhatlapenumarru, near
Masulipatnam, the present day Machilipatnam of Andhra Pradesh, British India to
Hanumantharayudu and Venkataratnamma. He belonged to a Telugu Brahmin Niyogi
family. After finishing high school at Machlipatnam, he went to Colombo to
complete his Senior Cambridge.
Career :
Venkayya was an accomplished person on many fronts. He was
knowledgeable in geology (which he would later obtain a doctorate for) and
agriculture. In Andhra Pradesh, this knowledge enabled him to spend most of his
fortune experimenting with developing new crop cultivars and to become an
authority on diamond mining, leading to him being popularly known as
"Diamond Venkayya". He served in the British Indian army during the
Anglo-Boer wars in South Africa. It was there he came in contact with Mahatma
Gandhi and was influenced by his ideology. On returning to India, he worked as
a railway guard and a government employee at Bellary before moving to Lahore,
where he enrolled into the Anglo-Vedic college to study Urdu and Japanese.
This versatile man was a prolific writer, a Japanese
lecturer and a geophysicist. After finishing his primary education at
Challapalli and school at the Hindu High School, Masulipatnam, he went to
Colombo to complete his Senior Cambridge. Enthused by patriotic zeal, he
enlisted himself for the Boer war at 19. While in Africa he met Gandhi, and
their rapport lasted for more than half a century. On his return to India he
worked as a railway guard at Bangalore and Madras and subsequently joined the
government service as the plague officer at Bellary. His patriotic zeal,
however, did not permit him to stagnate in a permanent job, and his quest for
education took him to Lahore where he joined the Anglo-Vedic College, and
learnt Japanese and Urdu. He studied Japanese and history under Prof Gote.
During his five years stay in the north, he became active in politics. Pingali
met many revolutionaries and planned strategies to overthrow the colonial rule.
The 1906 Congress session with Dadabhai Naoroji witnessed Pingali emerging as
an activist and a force behind the decision making committee. Here he met the
famous philanthropist, the Raja of Munagala, and from 1906–11, he spent his
time in Munagala researching on agriculture and crops. For his pioneering study
on the special variety of Cambodia cotton, he came to be called Patti Venkayya.
Even the British were taken up by his contributions in the field of agriculture
and conferred on him honorary membership of the Royal Agricultural Society of
Britain.
Finally, this man went back to his roots at Masulipatnam
and focused his energies on developing the National School (at Masulipatnam),
where he taught his students basic military training, horse riding, history and
knowledge of agriculture, soil, crops and its relation to nature. Not content
with being a theoretician, Pingali's day-to-day activities also reflected a
deep commitment to his liberal values. In 1914, he turned his agricultural land
into an estate and named it Swetchapuram.
National Flag :
During the National conference of Indian National Congress
at Kakinada, Venkayya suggested that India should have a national flag of its
own and Mahatma Gandhi liked this proposal. He suggested that Venkayya could
come up with a design. During the National conference at Vijayawada, Venkayya
proposed a tricolour with an Ashoka Chakra at the middle. Gandhi liked the
flag, and the design was later adopted as the National Flag of India. Pingali
Venkayya After researching into 30 kinds of flags from all over the world,
Pingali conceived the design of a flag which became the forbearer of the Indian
national flag. Though all credit goes to Pingali for having conceived the
national flag in its present form, its antecedents can be traced back to the
Vande Mataram movement.
For a brief history of the origins of the Indian flag one
has to go back to August 1, 1906. It was at Parsee Bagan Square (Green Park) in
Calcutta where the first national flag of India was hoisted. This flag was
composed of horizontal stripes of red, yellow and green. The strip on the top
had eight white lotuses embossed in a row. On the yellow strip were the words
Vande Mataram in deep blue Devanagari script.
Bhikaji Cama and her group of exiled revolutionaries
hoisted the second flag in Paris around 1907. This was similar to the first
flag except that the top strip had only one lotus and seven stars denoting the
saptarishis. This was exhibited at a socialist conference in Berlin. By the
time the third flag went up in 1917, the political struggle had taken a
definite turn. Annie Besant and Tilak hoisted the flag during the Home Rule
Movement with an addition in the left hand corner (the pole end), the stamp of
the UnionJack. There was also a white crescent and star in one corner
indicating the aspirations of people of those years. The inclusion of the Union
Jack symbolised the goal for dominion status. However, the presence of the
Union Jack indicated a political compromise, making the flag unacceptable to
many. The call for new leadership brought Gandhi to the forefront in 1921 and
through him the first tricolour flag.
The years 1921–31 constitute a heroic chapter in not only
Pingali Venkayya's life but also in the history of the freedom struggle of
Andhra. The AICC met at a historic two day session at Bezwada (31 March and 1
April 1921). It was at this session that this frail middle aged gentleman,
Pingali, approached Gandhi with the flag he designed for India. Pingali's flag
was made of two colours, red and green representing the two major communities
of the country. Thus the Indian flag was born but it was not officially
accepted by any resolution of the All India Congress Committee. Gandhi's
approval made it popular and it was hoisted at all Congress sessions. Hansraj
of Jallandar suggested the representation of the charkha, symbolising progress
and the common man. Gandhi amended, insisting on the addition of a white strip
to represent the remaining minority communities of India.
A consensus could not be reached until 1931. The designing
of the colours in the flag ran into rough weather even as communal tension
broke out on the issue of its interpretation. The final resolution was passed
when the AICC met at Karachi in 1931. The flag was interpreted as saffron for
courage, white for truth and peace, and green for faith and prosperity. The
dharma chakhra which appears on the abacus of the Sarnath at the capital of
Emperor Ashoka was adopted in the place of spindle and string as the emblem on
the national flag.
Interpreting the colours chosen for the national flag, Dr.
Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan explained the saffron colour denoted renunciation or
disinterestedness of political leaders towards material gains in life. The
white depicted enlightenment, lighting the path of truth to guide our conduct.
The green symbolised our relation to the soil, to the plant life here on which
all other life depends. The Ashoka wheel in the centre of the white strip
represented the law of dharma.
Speaking philosophically, he remarked that the national
flag ought to control the principles of all those who worked under it. The
wheel denoted motion and India should no more resist change as there was death
in stagnation.
Death :
Pingali Venkayya died on 4 July 1963, in conditions of
poverty. It was only a few years ago that his daughter began to receive pension
from the government on his death anniversary.
Evolution of Indian Flag
:
1) Flag of British India, 1858–1947
1) Flag of British India, 1858–1947
2) Gandhi's flag, introduced at the Congress meeting in 1921
3 ) The Swaraj Flag, officially adopted by the Congress in 1931
4 ) The Present National Flag was born on July 22, 1947, with Nehruji's words, 'Now I present to you not only the Resolution, but the Flag itself'. This flag was first hoisted at the Council House on August 15, 1947.
You can see the History of Flags in India video in the following youtube link :
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMGGRrHsJk4
